Typology of Microinsurance Provision

A Typology of Microinsurance provision (delivery models)


One of the greatest challenges for microinsurance is the actual delivery of insurance to the clients. Methods and models for doing so vary depending on the organization, institution, and provider involved. In general, there are four main methods for offering microinsurance (Radermacher & Dror, 2006); the community-based model, the partner-agent model, the provider-driven model, and the full-service model. . Each of these models has their own advantages and disadvantages.

Community-based/mutual model:

The policyholders or clients are in charge, managing and owning the operations, and working with external healthcare providers to offer services. This model is advantageous for its ability to design and market products more easily and effectively, and by its ability to use incentive structures to reduce moral hazard and adverse selection. Yet it is disadvantaged by its small size and scope of operations, and should have access to reinsurance to ensure sustained operations over the long term.

Partner agent model:

A partnership is formed between the microinsurance company and an agent (NGO, microfinance institution, etc.), and in some cases a third-party healthcare provider. The agent is responsible for the delivery and marketing of products to the clients, while the insurance company retains all responsibility for design and development. In this model, microinsurance clients benefit from limited risk, but are also disadvantaged in their limited control over the design and management of the scheme.

Full service model (Friendly Society):

The microinsurance scheme is in charge of everything; both the design and delivery of products to the clients, working with external healthcare providers to provide the services. This model has the advantage of offering microinsurance schemes full control, yet the disadvantage of higher risks. Since the focus tends to be on charitable work, sustainability is often dependant on the donor, and the scheme often collapes when the donor pulles out.

Provider-driven model:

The healthcare provider is the microinsurance scheme, and similar to the full-service model, is responsible for all operations, delivery, design, and service. There is an advantage once more in the amount of control retained, yet disadvantage in the limitations on products and services.